JOAQUÍN TORRES-GARCÍA
Born in Montevideo, Uruguay on July 28, 1874; died in Montevideo, August 8, 1949
In 1891 his family left Uruguay and moved to Cataluña, Spain, native home of
his father's family; in 1893 studied at the Academia de Bellas Arts and at the Academia Baixas;
joined the Cercle Artistic de Sant Lluc; met Joan and Julio González;
1907 saw Puvis de Chavannes' drawings for his murals in the Pantheon of Paris
at an exhibition of French art; discovered the early Renaissance Italian painters
and Hellenistic art, taught at the progressive children's school Mont d'Or;
1909 married Manolita Piña de Rubiés; 1910 visited Puvis de Chavannes' mural at
the Pantheon in Paris; 1912 studied fresco painting in Florence and Rome;
1913 wrote and published Notes sobre art, his first book of artistic theory,
encouraging a return to a Greco-Roman tradition; 1914-1917 left Barcelona and
settled in Tarrasa at Vila Mon Repos; 1917 met fellow Uruguayan artist Rafael Barradas;
published the manifesto Art evolutió; Joan Miró began visiting Torres;
1920 left Spain for New York, via Paris and Brussels; visited Pablo Picasso in Paris;
1920-1922 lived in New York; received moral and financial support from
Isabelle Whitney; formed friendships with Edgar Varése, Jean Xceron;
exhibited with Stuart Davis; 1922 returned to Europe and settled in Fiesole, Italy;
1924 moved to Livorno and later Villefranche-sur-Mer, southern France;
1926 settled in Paris; met the painter Luis Fernández through Julio González;
1928 met Theo Van Doesburg; visited the exhibition Les artes anciens de
l'Amérique at the Musée des Arts Décoratifs; 1929 met Piet Mondrian, Georges Braque,
Juan Gris, Jacques Lipchitz, Le Corbusier and Michel Seuphor; sent his children to study
with Amedée Ozenfant; became interested in Purism; painted his first Constructivist works;
1930 founded Cercle et Carré with Michel Seuphor; 1932 moved with his family to
Madrid; tried unsuccessfully to introduce modern art in Madrid and failed to form a
school of constructivist art; 1934 returned with his family to Montevideo; wrote his
autobiography, Historia de mi vida, founded the Asociation of Constructive Art (AAC);
1936 began publication of Círculo y Cuadrado, second series of Cercle et Carré.
1943 founded El Taller Torres-García; 1944 painted seven large murals
at the St. Bois Hospital. In addition to creating many of his
most important works, Torres-García spent his Montevideo years
giving public lectures, writing newspaper articles and several
books on modern art and artists, organizing cultural events and
teaching and inspiring the best and brightest of the region's young artists.
Selected One-Person Shows:
| 1900 |  | Sálo de "La Vanguardia," Barcelona |
| 1912, | 1913, | 1916, 1918, 1926, 1929 Galeries Dalmau, Barcelona |
| 1922 |  | Gallery Hanfstaengel, New York |
| 1926 |  | Galerie G. A. Fabre, Paris |
| 1927 |  | Galerie Carmine, Paris |
| 1928 |  | Galerie Zack, Paris |
| 1929 |  | Galerie Jeanne Boucher; Galerie Percier; Galerie Jean Charpentier, Paris |
| 1933 |  | Museo de Arte Moderno, Madrid |
| 1950 |  | Sidney Janis Gallery, New York; Galerias Laietaines, Barcelona |
| 1955 |  | Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris |
| 1956 |  | XXVIII Biennale de Venezia: Sala Torres-García, Palazzo Centrale, Venice |
| 1959 |  | V Bienal de São Paulo: Sala Torres-García, São Paulo |
| 1960, | 1963, | 1965 Rose Fried Gallery, New York |
| 1961 |  | Pan American Union, Washington, D.C.; San Francisco Museum of Art; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; Städtische Kunsthalle, Baden-Baden |
| 1970 |  | National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa; Guggenheim Museum, New York; Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island |
| 1971, | 1974 | Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas, Austin |
| 1973 |  | Museu d'Art Modern, Barcelona; Museo Español de Arte Contemporáneo, Madrid |
| 1975, | 1979 | Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris |
| 1978 |  | Museu de Arte Moderna, Rio de Janeiro (exhibition destroyed in a fire) |
| 1980 |  | Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela |
| 1981 |  | Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City |
| 1985, | 1986 | Hayward Gallery, London; Fundació Joan Miró, Barcelona; Stadtische Kunsthalle, Düsseldorf; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; Miami Center for the Arts |
| 1991 |  | Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid; IVAM Centre Julio González, Valencia |
| 1994 |  | XXII São Paulo International Bienal, Sala Torres-García |
| 1996 |  | Fundaçao Arpad Szenés-Vieira da Silva, Lisbon; Museo Pontevedra, Spain |
| 1997 |  | Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas |
| 1997, | 1998 | IVAM Centre Julio González, Valencia; La Pedrera, Barcelona; Fundación BANCAJA, Madrid |
|
|